How does the Linux kernel handle memory management differently than traditional operating systems?

Linux stands out in the computing world for its stability, efficiency, and robust open-source community. A critical aspect of its performance stems from its approach to memory management. While traditional operating systems often employ straightforward memory management techniques, the Linux kernel uses complex mechanisms like the buddy system and slab allocator to optimize memory usage dynamically. Exploring these methods could yield insights into why Linux systems can efficiently run on devices ranging from powerful servers to modest embedded systems. How do these features compare to those of other operating systems, and what benefits and challenges do they present in real-world applications?